Diving Wakulla the Old School Way


“I’m going.”

My quiet statement broke the silence shared by the three of us atop the tower overlooking Wakulla Springs. We each had our own thoughts as we stared into the huge spring before us. Bill Main let out a little laugh, leaned over, and said to Bill Gavin,

“Hey Billy, we can’t let our little redneck buddy go solo diving in here. He might get lost all by himself!”
“We can’t have that now, can we? I guess we’d better go and keep an eye on him.”

The grin on Gavin’s face settled it. I knew I wasn’t going solo--we were all going. Test dive number three on tri-mix was going to be a shot at the title: the end of the line in Wakulla. We just had to figure out how to do it without getting caught. We discussed a few options and agreed that canoeing up the river was probably our best bet. Gavin and I made plans for the next weekend to check that out.

Bill met me at the spring, and after a bit of looking around, we got tickets for the River Cruise. We boarded the boat and sat near the back so we could talk to the boat captain/tour guide. (He was an older black gentleman who had been doing this for years.) The boat was about half full. There were three or four families with kids, the tourists wearing socks with sandals, and some bird watchers. The last person to board caused me to do a double-take. He had to be the grand potentate of all birdwatchers. To simply call him a “dork” would be like calling the Grand Canyon a spot of erosion. “Warren,” all of five foot nothing and a hundred and ten pounds, was decked out from head to toe in khaki: hiking boots, khaki shorts, khaki shirt, khaki vest, and a khaki pith helmet. (He looked like a mushroom to me, and it was all I could do not to laugh out loud.) His vest pockets were stuffed with note pads, log books and various field guides to North American tweetie birds. Glasses? Try “optics” like in “replacement optics for the Hubble Telescope.” It was a safe bet that in his younger days Warren had been no stranger to a schoolyard ass-whipping.

We got underway and our guide immediately started pointing out the resident waterfowl and wildlife.

“The tall gray bird a wadin’ in da shallows to da right is a Great Blue Heron, one of the largest birds here in da park. He’s tryin’ to catch him some fish for dinner. The little brown bird a runnin’ cross da lily pads there, is a Florida Gallinule. If we was in Georgia, he’d be a Georgia Gallinule!”

The birds were non-stop. We saw Ospreys, Anhinga, Double-crested Cormorants, Night Herons, Loons, Wood Ducks, Marsh Hens, Ibis, Coots, Egrets, Limpkins, and my personal favorite, the Pied-billed Grebe, to name just a few. Warren was so excited I thought he was going to have a cardiac event trying to keep his log books current while juggling field guides. (He was also prone to blurting out scientific names without warning, e.g. Dorkius Maximus). Bill and I just took in the scenery while making mental notes of landmarks.

When the guide spotted the first gator of the day, he announced over the loudspeaker, “Alllaagaaaterr on da left!!!” Everybody on the right side of the boat scrambled over for a better look. The boat listed to port. One little boy asked, “Daddy! Is it real?“ We all had a good laugh as his dad and the guide assured him it was.

We saw many more alligators on down the river-- little baby ones not long out of the nest, dozens of four to six footers, and a few of what I consider “grown.”

We had gone about a mile down the river when I noticed a small reflective marker in the middle of the river a short distance away. When we neared this point, our boat started making a gradual turn. I asked how much further the park extended.

“’Nutha mile anna haf to da fence.”
“Can we go?”
“We don’t go waaay on down yonder. We purty much leave that be.”
“Ever been down there?”
“I been in yonder. Once.”
“What was it like?”
“They’s some sho’nuff gators in yonder. Sho’nuff gators.”

His voice kind of trailed off as he stared down the river in silence. I sure did want to ask what he was remembering, but I didn’t. Note to self: “Sho’nuff gators in yonder.”

For those of you not fully versed in Southern dialect, I’ll translate: “Yonder” is simply a general direction, like “there”. It is most commonly preceded by the word “over”. For example, the question, “Where’s my dog?” would be answered by the Southerner with, “Over yonder.” If it was, lets say, a quarter mile away, the answer would be, “Waaay over yonder”. That was a long way. (Southerners will stretch out a word for descriptive purposes.) If the dog was a mile away, “Where’s my dog?” would be answered with: “Lost.” Just because we talk different doesn’t mean we’re a bunch of dumb-asses; it’s just our way of not sounding like a Yankee. While we’re on the subject, if you’re visiting the South, there are a few things you need to know:

  1. Don’t fake a Southern accent. (You will get your ass kicked!)
  2. You don’t put sugar on grits. (Salt and pepper always, and damn it, no wheat toast. You eat your grits with biscuits and gravy, like God intended).
  3. Do not, under any circumstances, try to tell us how to cook barbeque. (This will get your ass shot, after it has been kicked.)
  4. Don’t rattle on about how much better things are back home, because we know better. (If you don’t like it here, Delta is ready when you are. That’s a good thing, because if one of us “sends you home,” it’ll be in a pine box.)


”Sho’nuff” is a derivative of “sure enough,” used almost exclusively by rural black southerners. There are several ways to use “sho nuff”. Here are a few. “Sho’nuff” can be used in place of “no kidding,” as in this exchange:

“ Did you hear? Leroy done hit the Lotto!”
“Sho’nuff?”

Or perhaps it could mean a great quantity, as in “Leroy said there was some sho’nuff people at his place yesterday; relatives he didn’t even know he had.”

Now, if the emphasis is on “nuff,” that changes things: It then means atypical, exceptional or extraordinary, as this final example illustrates: “Dolly Parton gotta “sho’nuff” pair of…” You get the picture.

I knew what the tour guide was saying about the distant stretch of river. It was home to a pile of alligators, and some damn big ones. When the cruise was over, we took another one, just for good measure. After that, we headed down to where the highway crosses the Wakulla River at the southern park boundary. We launched the canoe there and waited briefly for darkness to fall. It was time to make a little covert reconnaissance trip up the river.

Approximately fifty feet north of the bridge, a chain link fence and three rows of barbed wire spans the river. We moved the barbed wire and slipped beneath the fence and paddled into darkness. The fence was installed many years ago by the former owner of the property, Mr. Edward Ball. Since this is the one and only fence across a river in the state of Florida, some additional information about Mr. Ball and how this came about is due. Ed Ball bought the property from George T. Christie in 1934. (Christie had acquired it in 1925 and began development and boat tours). In 1937 the Lodge opened for business and became quite popular. Ed Ball was a business man; he managed the multi-billion dollar estate of Alfred I. duPont, and he did a few real estate deals here and there for himself. His philosophy regarding land acquisition was simple: he didn’t want all the land in Florida; he just wanted what was next to his. (This apparently worked quite well: when he died in 1981 at the age of 93, his St. Joe Company was the largest land owner in the state with over one million acres.) Ed was especially fond of his three thousand plus acres that surrounded Wakulla Springs. The place became more and more popular, and some people came up the river in their own boats. He didn’t like that. So he had the Army Corps of Engineers survey the river. They deemed the Wakulla River “un-navigable”. He then promptly slapped fence across it, right at his property line.

Mr. Ball was used to getting his way. He was also known for being a bit “eccentric” at times. (Did you ever notice that a lot of old people with waaay too much money, are “eccentric”? ) Mr. Ball just up and decided one day that he had to have himself a bear. (Yes, a bear!) So, he got one: a real live, honest to God, wild Florida Black Bear. He kept it in a cage down the river a short distance from the boat docks. Now, according to Florida Statutes, this is a no-no. When he was informed of this and instructed to release the bear, Ed Ball said, “No!” That was his bear, he liked it and was going to keep it. The state countered with the old tried and true, “We will sue you.” (Which, by the way, works like 99% of the time.) Now, the eccentric Mr. Ball, who was also known for being just a wee bit cantankerous at times, took offense. Mr. Balls reply was a gem: (that wasn’t a typo; this took “Balls”.) “Go ahead, I’ve got more money than you’ve got time.”

I don’t know just what all went down behind the scenes, but the old man kept his bear. Like I said, he was used to getting his way. (I think it had something to do with the golden rule: The one with the most gold - rules.)

Bill and I had settled into a comfortable rhythm, silently paddling along in the darkness. We both wore head-mounted lights but elected not to use them. If a Park Ranger or Wildlife Officer happened to be in the area, we didn’t want their “attention.”

About 20 minutes up river, I decided to be Bill’s tour guide. When some unseen bird made a noise, I immediately identified it - “Pied-billed Grebe on da lef. Florida Gallinule on da right.” Bill couldn’t help but chuckle at my impersonation of the boat captain. The jovial mood was soon to end. Our countdown had begun; we didn’t know it, but we were “Go for Launch”. I was about to say something when All Hell Broke Loose! A thunderous explosion of water and mayhem erupted at our bow, violently flinging me skyward like a baby seal being tail slapped by a killer whale… Thankfully, I did, for the most part, land back in the canoe. It wasn’t one of my most graceful moments. Bill struggled to keep the boat upright. I was stunned, thinking, “They mined the river!” I managed to right myself, find the seat, and Lights On! Time to find out what the hell just happened.

Lammer, What was THAT?

“… That would be one of those Sho’Nuff gators,” I replied. We watched about fourteen feet worth of pissed-off reptile slowly swim away. This apex predator wasn’t accustomed to getting out of the way for anything, and we just paddled right up on top of his head. He apparently didn’t like that very much. I took a quick look around and added,

“He’s not alone.”

Bill switched his light on, also. Everywhere we looked, there were eyes looking back. We killed the lights and rested a minute. (My heart rate was a little elevated). As we got underway again, Bill offered this sage advise:

“Try not to fall out of the boat, OK?”
“I’ll try my very best.”

I decided this was where the river became “un-navigable”. I imagined the Army’s Corps of Engineers seeing this bunch of monsters. Not wanting to risk becoming the Army’s corpse of Engineers… “Whoa, we can’t go any further… Un-navigable. Let’s get out of here!”

Bill named our friend “Thunder Lizard.”

We met three more “Thunder Lizards” on up a ways, and you know what? You just don’t get used to that.

Before long, things started to look familiar. Soon we rounded the bend and were on the home stretch. The headspring was lit up like New York City. We turned around just shy of the boat docks and headed back. Piece of cake; only took an hour.

Next Sunday, (9-27-87) we met back at the bridge. We loaded the boats down with gear: Each of us had twin104’s filled with “Sneak Mix,” an 80 with air, an O2 bottle, deep modified Teknas, plus the usual suits, lights, etc. Gavin was in his 12’ aluminum boat with an electric trolling motor, while Bill Main and I were in my 20’ canoe. I insisted that Bill sit in the front. (I did not want another front row seat when we met the Thunder Lizards. Also, I knew firsthand that the person in the front gets the spider webs.) As soon as it was dark, we were under the fence and on our way.

With great anticipation of things to come, we navigated in darkness. Gavin and I were hoping Bill would be properly introduced to Thunder Lizard. We got our wish.

Hoole Leee SHIT!…That scared the Hell outta me!

“Mr. Main, say hello to Thunder Lizard.” It was spectacular. Gavin and I both took great pleasure in the unnerving of the Main man.

With our heavy load of gear, it took us two hours to reach Wakulla Springs. We eased into shore right beside the boat docks, behind the ticket building. There, just waiting for us, was a big old picnic table. We immediately put it to good use. Main said, “This is just like gearing up at Ginnie.”

We got suited up and into our gear with hardly a sound. Bill and Bill were already in the water. As I eased into the water, something bad happened: My primary regulator went into a roaring free-flow. I had my hands full with deco tanks and my scooter while my “high performance” side exhaust regulator went flying about my head, dumping my precious gas. It took me a good four or five seconds to stop it, but that was just the tip of the iceberg; the blast set off a chain reaction of noise unlike anything I’ve ever heard. Remember all the birds? Well, those bastards woke up. It started in the tree tops right above our heads when something went, “Bwaaack!” This led to what sounded like a helicopter taking off as a whole squadron of pond birds left in a big hurry. (“Bwaaack” apparently means, “Fly or Die!”) Birds scattered in all directions, repeatedly crying out in alarm, and sadly for us, many of them had a bowel movement as they took flight. “Fly or die” turned to “shit and git.” I was aghast. As shit rained down, untold scores of waterfowl were awakened. The symphony had begun. Each species, represented by hundreds of individuals, was trying to be the loudest. The noise was deafening, and my partners were not amused…Gavin didn’t say a word, but his teeth were clinched and he was shaking his head. Hogarth, bless his heart, had to say something.

“Gawd dayum! Why don’t you just send up a flare?! You know what those birds are saying? ‘There’s some asshole trying to sneak in with an Omega!’ Get a Conshelf - they don’t do that.”

“Shut up, Bill. Let’s go.”

We ducked under the water and motored towards the tower. The sounds of exhaust bubbles and the whirring of scooters were a welcome change from the noise at the surface. I thought about where to get a Conshelf... Somewhere between the boat dock and the tower, I unknowingly picked up a hitchhiker who would later make his presence known in a big way.

We surfaced at the tower for a quick look around, then descended to the ledge at twenty feet. A quick gear check was done, and all systems were go. I checked the time; it was straight up midnight. We stepped off the ledge and did a free fall into the unknown with no lights. At 170’ we hit the bottom and turned on our lights. There, right in front of us was the beginning of the line. Perfect! We clipped off our oxygen bottles, switched over to tri-mix, and clipped off our air bottles. Visibility was about 40’--not ideal--but I had been waiting for this moment since the very first time I laid eyes on this spring. We were headed in!

The bottom angled down and funneled us into the cave. The floor was literally covered with Mastodon bones for quite a ways. In no time we were well past 200’ and getting deeper as we followed the line along the right wall. Visibility was dropping also. The further we went, the worse it became. We were on the line now as visibility continued to decrease. Gavin stopped; visibility was five foot, but we had reached the end of the line. Gavin tied off the reel and handed it to Bill Main as planned. Bill turned toward me, and we just looked at each other. No signals needed: “the look” was quite sufficient. Main turned and handed the reel back to Gavin, whom we assumed would cut it. We were wrong. The intrepid Bill Gavin did the unthinkable: He hit the trigger!

Eight hundred feet in, at a depth of 280’, on experimental mix, in a cave 100’ wide and 50’ high, on a sneak dive in the middle of the night, Gavin starts laying line off a scooter - in five foot visibility… Main again turned and looked at me. Again our expressions were identical. (“Oh Shit!”) We followed Gavin, thinking, “This is fuckin’ nuts! We’re all going to die.” Before long Gavin stopped to wrap the line. I was thinking, “what a good spot to tie off,” but he finished the wrap and again motored away into blackness. The next run was a lot longer and, for me, more stressful. The only things I could see were the tips of Gavin’s fins and the line, and both were moving. It became quite disorienting not having a wall or anything for reference. Whenever I looked back to check on Bill, the vertigo got worse. My eyes were straining to see anything other than darkness. We continued on.

It took us all totally by surprise: sensory overload! The lights came on. We had broken out into the clearest water imaginable; everything just lit up! My eyes hurt trying to deal with light that seemed to just explode in all directions. We stopped for a few seconds to adjust, then got down to business. About fifty feet ahead, we hit the mother lode: To the right was a massive tunnel with black walls that looked like the Devil’s Eye system on steroids. To our left was another tunnel not quite as big, but it was pure white and, to me, more appealing. We hovered motionless, looking back and forth. It was decision time. I started pointing left. Main pointed right. We started flashing our lights and were insisting on opposite directions. Two huge virgin tunnels were just begging to be explored and each had a proponent. Gavin settled it when he went left with the reel. I was right behind him. Main went right, thinking we were behind, but that wasn’t the case. He went a couple hundred feet into the other tunnel before he turned to join us. Gavin made a wrap while we waited for Bill to catch up.

The next several minutes were as good as it gets. We lit it up! Delta formation at full throttle, down the center of a beautiful borehole tunnel. Gavin was in the lead, I was the right wingman and Bill was on the left. Gavin never let off the trigger. I would occasionally drop out of formation to make a quick wrap, then get back into position. The cave was stunning; 40’ to 60’ wide and over 20’ high. It just got bigger and better the further we went. It was just ride and look. Needless to say, we were all grinning from ear to ear.

In what seemed like no time at all, the knob on Gavin’s reel was spinning like crazy as the last few wraps of line were coming off. A thousand feet of line was gone. Gavin was tying off, and my primary regulator went into another free-flow that wouldn’t stop. I couldn’t make it stop. Finally I crimped my long hose and began shutting down my right post. Bill Main finished it for me. I took a look at my pressure gauge and went, “BWAAACK!”

Gas goes quick at three hundred feet… I was at halves. Not good. We go NOW! I flashed Gavin and gave the thumbs up and pointed to my gauge. We headed back with me sandwiched between Gavin and Bill. (I did a little skip breathing on the way out.) I checked my gauge again as we approached the dark water. Going to be close…

Hitting the dark water was strange. Your whole world shrinks to just a line in the darkness. Lose it and die is about what it boils down to. The line had my utmost attention. I was puzzled when we came to the wrap; the line went back hard to the right, more than 90 degrees. It seemed like we were going the wrong way, but this was our line. (What actually happened was that while motoring in the dark water laying the line, we inadvertently went across the main “A” tunnel and were headed out on the opposite wall when we hit the clear water and discovered “B” and “C” tunnels. They were named “B” and “C” by those who would, weeks later, “discover” them during the first Wakulla Project).

We had passed the old end of the line, and visibility began improving. A few minutes later, we were near the entrance. I reached for my pressure gauge but didn’t bother to look. It was limp. I was expecting to run out of gas at any moment, and did so right as I arrived at my deco bottles. I made “dead sure” that the one I selected was air and not pure O2.

As we settled into deco mode and got comfortable, I took apart my primary to see what its problem was. The “problem” was a small Apple Snail stuck to the inside of the housing. Apparently it had moved just enough at the right time to wedge the demand lever open. I pried him free and sent him on his way.

Five hours later, we would be on our way as well. We surfaced at 5:30 am and quickly got our boats loaded and under way. We hoped to be past the fence by daybreak, but we missed that by thirty minutes. At the boat landing, we packed up and said goodbye to Gavin, who had to drive to Panama City and go to work. Bill and I returned to the scene of the crime. We went back to Wakulla Springs and had breakfast at the lodge. Seated on the patio with a view of the spring, we had steak and eggs, grits, and biscuits with gravy: it was a fine breakfast, and a fitting end to an incredible adventure.